پنجشنبه ۲۲ شهریور ۰۳ | ۲۰:۱۲ ۸ بازديد
Noun (N) Verb (V) Adjective (Adj) Adverb (Adv)
1. The student tasted the hamburger.
2. The hamburger tasted good.
3. The very big dog appears cute.
4. The young child was skipping quickly.
5. Hope should not be ignored.
6. The girl feels the warm blanket.
7. The girl feels incredibly sick today.
8. Today is not becoming a beautiful day.
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(Personal and Possessive)
A pronoun is a word used in place of a noun or another pronoun.
The word that a pronoun stands for is called its antecedent.
Ray said he hates getting up early for school.
Possessive Pronouns show ownership:
Kara drove her car.
***Look at the chart below too see all the personal and possessive pronouns.
(Possessive are in parenthesis)
Singular Plural
First Person I, me (my, mine) We, us (our, ours)
Second Person You (your, yours) You (your, yours)
Third Person He, him, she, her, it (his, her, hers, its) They, them (their, theirs)
Finding the Pronouns and Antecedents
Underline all the pronouns once. Underline their antecedent twice.
1. Years ago children were told to jump up and down on the earth so that its plants would be stimulated to grow.
2. Boys were probably the first jump ropers, impressing girls with their speed.
3. Jump rope probably became more popular with girls when one girl added her songs to the game.
4. In hopscotch, children hop over lines and test their balance.
5. Gail remembers, “One of my favorite games was tag.”
6. If players didn’t “freeze” when tagged, their movements could cost them the game.
7. Running was its own reward and being chased was exciting.
8. Billie Holiday was a jazz singer admired for the unique quality of her voice.
9. Because it is understood by people of all nations, music is considered a universal language.
10. Its location near the Sahara Desert and the Niger River made Timbuktu a thriving commercial city.
11. Malcolm and Greg do their homework in the library.
12. Many Europeans use bicycles as a means of transportation to and from their work.
_
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Reflexive & Intensive—these are formed by adding –self or –selves to personal pronouns
Reflexive reflects action back upon the subject. Intensive emphasizes a noun or pronoun in the same sentence.
Myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves
Donna prepared herself for a long day.
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Demonstrative—point out SPECIFIC persons, places, ideas, or things.
this, these, that, those
The people at the end of the line will get better tickets than those at the end.
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Indefinite—do not refer to specific persons, places, ideas, or things. It usually does not have an antecedent.
Another, anybody, anyone, anything, each, everybody, everyone, everything, much, neither, nobody, no one,
nothing, one, somebody, someone, something, both, few, many, several, all, any, more, most, none, some
Several of the fans waited in the rain.
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Interrogative—ask a question
Who, whom, whose, which, what
What is your favorite song?
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Relative—is used to introduce dependent clauses (something that can’t be a sentence alone)
Who, whom, whose, which, that
The seats that the students asked for were unavailable.
Identify the boldface pronouns.
1. Which is the oldest zoo, the Philadelphia Zoo or Central park Zoo in New York? __________________
2. Kodiak bears sunned themselves on the towering rocks. __________________
3. Those are grizzlies, an especially vicious type of bear. __________________
4. Karl Hagenbeck, who was an animal dealer, developed the idea of putting moats _________________
in front of animal cages.
5. About 200 years ago, anyone with money could establish a small zoo. __________________
6. You yourself could ride on the back of a giant tortoise. __________________
7. Few of the earliest zoos made the preservations of animal species a priority. __________________
8. The Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum, which is a small zoo in Tucson, contains __________________
native plants and animals.
9. Where are the wallabies that look so much like kangaroos? __________________
10. The watchful mother quail guarded the babies herself. __________________
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This exercise covers ALL pronouns: personal, reflexive, intensive, demonstrative, indefinite,
interrogative, and relative.
In the following sentences, be the first to underline ALL __________ pronouns correctly!
You can use previous pages to help you—it will just take you more time .
1. While walking through the zoo’s rain forest, I myself saw the anaconda slither under a shrub.
2. The gibbons amused themselves by swinging from tree to tree.
3. This is the largest bison in our zoo.
4. Many of the visitors were awed by the new aquarium.
5. Who is going to view the snake display?
6. Peacock feathers themselves are things of beauty.
7. Luckily, the animals seem undisturbed by the large number of people who come to see them.
8. Which is larger, the gorilla or the orangutan?
9. The curator, who oversees the animals, is usually a highly-trained zoologist.
10. Everyone entering the insect display was given a magnifying glass.
11. Melissa startled herself when she suddenly came upon the Komodo dragon.
12. Several of the zebras were thundering across the savanna area.
13. The veterinarian herself is responsible for the medical needs of the animals.
14. Animals that roam the grasslands include giraffes, zebras, and lions.
15. Is this a bighorn sheep or an ibex?
16. A trained zookeeper himself is directly responsible for the animals under his care.
17. What are the jaguars eating?
18. A colorful macaw was grooming itself high atop the palm tree.
19. The tracks of the ocelot differ from those of the lynx.
20. Whose was the idea of making zoos more naturalistic?
21. The platypus, whose appearance is quite unusual, is a native of Australia.
22. Often we can see ourselves reflected in the antics of the monkey.
23. One of the pandas was eating a bamboo shoot.
24. Bactrain camels are over there; these are the Dromedaries.
25. The magnificent lion carried himself with grace and dignity.
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A word that shows the relationship between a noun or pronoun and another word in the sentence.
Commonly Used Prepositions
A preposition begins a prepositional phrase. A prepositional phrase begins with a preposition and ends with a
noun or pronoun, called the object of the preposition.
Note: You can have adjectives and adverbs in prepositional phrases, but NO VERBS!
Complete the following sentences. Circle the object(s) of the prepositional phrase.
1. I am going in ___________________________________.
2. On _______________________ you will find your make up work.
3. They are going to go inside ______________________________.
4. Throw the ball over _________________________________________.
5. Please drive around ________________________________________.
Prepositions that consist of more than one word are compound prepositions.
Commonly Used Compound Prepositions
6. Go to the game instead of ___________________________________________.
7. The dog walks ahead of _________________________________________.
8. Aside from _______________________________, you did really well in this class.
Underline the prepositional phrases in the following sentences. Circle the preposition.
1. Shippers in the Midwest have always looked longingly toward the Atlantic Ocean.(2)
2. The Great Lakes have always had a large amount of traffic.(1)
3. Large steamers sailed fairly easily from Duluth to Detroit. (2)
4. A major problem has been the linkage of this traffic on the lakes with the ports of the East Coast
and Europe. (4)
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according to by means of in place of on account of
aside from in addition to in spite of out of
because of in front of instead of prior to
about before during off toward
above behind except on under
across below for onto underneath
after beneath from out until
against beside in outside up
along between inside over upon
among beyond into since with
around by like through within
as despite near throughout without
at down of to
Underline the prepositional phrase in each sentence and circle the preposition. Remember that compound prepositions
have two or more words.
1. A quilt is simply a cover for a bed.
2. But, to many women and children, it has a deeper significance.
3. In colonial America, women often sewed and assembled quilts together.
4. These quilting parties were a chance for much-needed socialization.
5. Each piece reminded the quilter of a loved family member or friend.
6. Quilts were often presented as gifts.
7. Instead of money, young newlyweds would receive a quilt.
8. Today, quilts have regained much of the popularity they had years ago.
9. By means of quilts, people today can touch the past.
More of the same… But please not when commas are used and when they are not!!!
1. Woodworking means forming wood into useful or beautiful objects.
2. A competent woodworker needs a number of tools for the job.
3. For measuring and cutting, you need rulers, framing squares, and scissors.
4. According to most modern woodworkers, however, an electric saw is the preferred tool.
5. With a plane, the woodworker shapes and smoothes the wood in fine items.
6. Rubbing with abrasive sandpaper makes surfaces smooth enough for the last step in the process.
7. Woodworkers use simple paintbrushes for the painting and final touch on the project.
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A conjunction connects words or groups of words.
Coordinating Conjunctions connect words or groups of words of equal importance in a
sentence.
Examples: Sonia and her friends watched the new music video.
The action started out at the beach, but the scene changed quickly.
and, but, for, nor, or, so, yet
Correlative Conjunctions are word pairs that serve to join words or groups of words.
Examples: You will not only hear your favorite song but also see the band.
Either the music or the visual images will grab your attention.
both…and either…or neither…nor whether…or not only…but also
Subordinating Conjunctions introduce a subordinate clause—clauses that cannot stand alone—and join them
to independent clauses.
Examples: The band waited while the director checked the lighting.
Although music videos are short, they are expensive to produce.
After as though if so that when
Although because in order that than where
As before provided unless whereas
as if even though since until while
Conjunctive Adverbs are used to express relationships between independent clauses.
Example: The invention of the transistor radio contributed to the rise of rock and roll; similarly, the
introduction of cable television helped launch music videos.
Accordingly hence still
Also however therefore
Besides instead thus
Consequently nevertheless furthermore
Finally otherwise similarly
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Underline the coordinating conjunctions in the following sentences.
1. Pulling on her boots and taking her walking stick, Grandma went to get her mail.
2. Maddie would not eat meat nor buy processed food containing preservatives.
3. Kari always uses brown paper bags or the comics to wrap presents.
4. Needing to study but wanting to play soccer, Maggie had to check her schedule carefully.
5. He kept going in a southeasterly direction, for he remembered seeing a campsite there.
6. Assertive yet sensitive—that’s a good combination of leadership qualities.
7. Ben never learned how to drive, so he took the bus everywhere.
Underline the correlative conjunctions.
1. I not only like oatmeal for breakfast, but I also like it for lunch.
2. Both my brother and my sister are graduating today.
3. Either we celebrate your birthday today, or we celebrate it on the weekend.
4. This table is neither stable nor level.
5. He decided he would enjoy the vacation whether he took it in the summer or he took it in the fall.
Underline the subordinating conjunctions.
1. Since it was my birthday, my mother gave me guitar lessons for a gift.
2. Although I could take them any time I wanted, I began my first lesson in the summer.
3. I went to the music store where my teacher showed me different kinds of guitars.
4. After he showed me the six different strings on the guitar, he explained the guitar’s other parts.
5. Since my first lesson went well, my mother took me to an ice-cream shop.
6. Because I want to join a band, I practice an hour every day.
Underline the conjunctive adverbs
1. We were at home; nevertheless, the package, arrived safely.
2. The dictionary is a valuable tool; however, not all dictionaries agree.
3. We must leave at once; otherwise, we will be late.
4. The outfielders wear glasses; consequently, the sun won’t find them.
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